Symptoms include chest pain, pressure, or heaviness that may spread to the jaw, neck, or left arm, shortness of breath, cold sweating, nausea, and weakness. If these symptoms occur, call 115 immediately or go to the emergency department.

Symptoms include sudden weakness on one side of the body, facial drooping, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, blurred vision, and sudden severe headache. Every minute matters; call 115 immediately.

Sit upright, use home oxygen if you have it, and call 115 immediately or go to the emergency department. Sudden shortness of breath can be a sign of a heart or lung problem.

If your physician has prescribed nitroglycerin for angina, place one tablet under the tongue when chest pain starts. If you do not improve after 5 minutes or the pain is severe, take a second dose only once and then call 115 immediately.

Clinic hours are listed in the Contact Us or About the Clinic section of the website. For appointments and questions, please contact us by the clinic phone number or through the website contact form.

You can follow up by calling the clinic or visiting in person during office hours. If an SMS or online system is available, follow-up can also be done through that method.

The list of accepted insurance providers is available in the Contact Us or About the Clinic section of the website. To make sure, please call the clinic before your visit.

By contacting the clinic, you can learn how to send results, such as by SMS, WhatsApp, email, or in-person visit. For online visits, you will be informed of the link or file submission method.

You can book an appointment through the online reservation system on the website, by calling the clinic, or by visiting in person. For your first visit, it is best to bring any previous medical records, such as ECG, echocardiography, and laboratory test results.

Yes. When an in-person examination is not essential, or for follow-up and consultation, online visits or telephone consultations can be arranged in advance.

Fasting is usually not required for a routine cardiac examination, ECG, or echocardiography. If blood tests such as lipid profile or blood glucose are requested, the physician or clinic staff will tell you whether you should come fasting.

Please bring your national ID card, insurance booklet or card, previous laboratory and imaging results, including ECG, echocardiography, and angiography if available, and a list of your current medications.

You can cancel or reschedule your appointment by calling the clinic or, if the online booking system is active, through your user panel. Please notify us at least a few hours in advance.

Prescription renewal usually requires a visit or at least a telephone or online consultation so your condition can be reviewed. In simple cases, the clinic may provide guidance after coordination.

A routine echocardiography exam in the clinic takes about 15 to 30 minutes. The initial result is explained to you on the same day, and a written report is prepared later if needed.

Transthoracic echocardiography is painless and usually does not require fasting. Just wear comfortable clothing so the probe can be placed on the chest.

Stress echocardiography evaluates heart function during exercise or with medication. It is used to help diagnose coronary artery narrowing and myocardial ischemia. It may be requested if you have chest pain or cardiac risk factors.

Common types include transthoracic echocardiography, which is performed from the chest wall, stress echocardiography during exercise or medication, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for a more detailed view of certain structures. The physician chooses the appropriate type based on your condition.

TEE is performed when a more detailed view of the atria, heart valves, or possible blood clots is needed. It is done after fasting and with throat anesthesia, and patients are usually discharged the same day.

A standard ECG usually does not require fasting. It is best to wear comfortable clothing so electrodes can be placed on the chest and wrists. If you take medications, continue them as usual unless your physician has instructed otherwise.

A cardiac Holter monitor is a small device that records your ECG continuously for 24 to 48 hours. It is used to detect palpitations, arrhythmias, or chest pain episodes that may not appear during an office visit.

You can continue your usual daily activities, but you should not shower or let the device get wet. If symptoms such as palpitations or chest pain occur, note the time so it can be compared with the recording.

It is a device that measures your blood pressure every 30 to 60 minutes over 24 hours. It is used to assess your true blood pressure, nighttime blood pressure, and response to medications.

A standard ECG takes only a few minutes. It does not require fasting or special preparation, and it can be interpreted immediately after recording.

You walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bicycle while your ECG and blood pressure are recorded. As speed and incline gradually increase, the heart's response to activity is evaluated.

Some medications, such as beta-blockers, may be stopped temporarily according to the physician's instructions so the test can be interpreted properly. Always follow your physician's advice.

The test continues until you reach the maximum age-appropriate heart rate, develop symptoms such as pain or shortness of breath, show ECG changes, or become fatigued. It is then stopped gradually, and several minutes of recovery are recorded.

Blood pressure can be controlled by taking medications regularly as prescribed, following a low-salt diet, losing weight if overweight, exercising regularly, and avoiding stress and smoking. Regular home blood pressure monitoring and periodic physician visits are recommended.

In general, blood pressure below 120/80 mmHg is considered normal. A reading of 120-129 over 80 is considered elevated, and 130/80 mmHg or higher is considered hypertension. The usual treatment target is below 130/80 mmHg.

Yes. Regular home measurements with a validated device in a calm setting help your physician. Measure your blood pressure in the morning and evening before taking medication, and record the results in a notebook.

If low blood pressure is accompanied by dizziness, weakness, or fainting, or if it may be caused by medication, it should be discussed with your physician. Sometimes dose reduction or a medication change is needed.

The usual recommendation is less than 5 grams of salt per day, about one teaspoon. Avoiding salty foods, canned foods, and fast food, and using the salt shaker sparingly, can help.

Angina is chest pain or pressure caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It usually occurs with physical activity or stress and improves with rest or nitroglycerin. If chest pain is sudden or severe, seek emergency care immediately.

Diagnosis is based on symptoms, ECG, exercise stress testing, and, when needed, stress echocardiography or coronary angiography. Coronary angiography is the most accurate method for seeing the location and severity of narrowing.

It means the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen because of reduced blood flow, usually due to coronary artery narrowing. It may appear as chest pain, shortness of breath, or changes on ECG or exercise stress testing.

High blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, family history, and age are important risk factors. Controlling these factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are effective for prevention and management.

Diagnostic coronary angiography usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes. In many cases, it is performed as an outpatient procedure or with a short hospital stay. If a stent is placed, an overnight stay is common.

It is usually performed through the femoral artery in the groin or the radial artery at the wrist under local anesthesia. The wrist approach generally causes less pain and fewer limitations after the procedure.

Angiography is imaging of the blood vessels only. In angioplasty, the narrowed artery is opened with a balloon and usually a stent, restoring blood flow.

Like any invasive procedure, coronary angiography has small risks, such as bleeding, infection, or reaction to contrast dye. However, these risks are very low in well-equipped centers with experienced teams. Your physician will explain the benefits and risks.

For 24 to 48 hours, you should usually avoid putting excessive pressure on the groin or wrist where the catheter was inserted, and you should not lift heavy objects. Detailed instructions are provided at discharge.

A combination of aspirin and another antiplatelet medication, such as clopidogrel or prasugrel, is usually prescribed for a period of time to prevent stent thrombosis. Never stop these medications without your physician's advice.

Yes. A stent is a small metal mesh tube placed inside the artery. It remains there permanently and gradually becomes incorporated into the vessel wall.

Follow-up is usually recommended in the first few weeks and then periodically, for example every 3 to 6 months or annually. If you develop chest pain or shortness of breath, contact your physician or seek emergency care immediately.

A drug-eluting stent (DES) releases medication to reduce the chance of the artery narrowing again and is commonly used for most patients. A bare-metal stent (BMS) is used in selected situations.

Stopping antiplatelet medication too early increases the risk of clot formation inside the stent and heart attack. Your physician determines the duration of treatment, usually several months to one year or longer.

Common symptoms include shortness of breath, especially when lying down or during activity, fatigue, swelling of the legs and ankles, sudden weight gain, and sometimes cough. If you notice these symptoms, see your physician.

Yes. With regular medication use, a low-salt diet, fluid restriction if recommended, light exercise, and control of weight and blood pressure, symptoms can be managed and quality of life can improve.

In advanced cases, fluid restriction, for example 1.5 to 2 liters per day, may be recommended. The exact amount is determined by your physician based on your condition and medications.

No. Palpitations may sometimes be normal and related to stress, caffeine, or activity. If they are prolonged or accompanied by dizziness, fainting, or chest pain, they should be evaluated with an ECG or Holter monitor.

Atrial fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia in which the atria beat irregularly. It increases the risk of blood clots and stroke, so blood-thinning medication and heart rate or rhythm control are often needed.

Cardiac ablation is a procedure in which a catheter is used to apply heat or cold to destroy the heart tissue causing an arrhythmia. It is used for some arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or tachycardia.

In adults at rest, the normal heart rate is usually 60 to 100 beats per minute. Athletes may have a lower heart rate. A resting rate below 60 or above 100 should be evaluated if symptoms are present.

Varicose veins develop because of weakness or insufficiency of the venous valves. Instead of returning properly to the heart, blood pools in the leg veins, causing them to enlarge and bulge. Prolonged standing, genetics, and pregnancy can worsen the condition.

Symptoms include enlarged and twisted veins, heaviness and pain in the legs, swelling, itching, and sometimes skin discoloration. In advanced cases, leg ulcers may also occur.

In addition to discomfort and appearance, advanced varicose veins can cause swelling, skin changes, and, rarely, superficial clots or ulcers. Examination and treatment, when needed, are recommended.

Spider veins are small, superficial veins and are mostly cosmetic. Varicose veins are larger and more prominent. Both can be treated with sclerotherapy or laser treatment.

Varicose veins are common during pregnancy because of hormonal changes and pressure from the uterus on the veins. They usually improve with compression stockings and supportive care; invasive treatment is often postponed until after delivery.

A sclerotherapy session usually takes 20 to 45 minutes. The number of sessions depends on the severity of varicose veins and the number of veins involved. Cosmetic and symptom improvement becomes noticeable in the weeks after treatment.

In this method, the sclerosant medication is mixed with air or gas to create a foam and then injected into the vein. It is useful for larger veins and often produces results with fewer sessions.

Wear compression stockings as instructed, walk regularly, avoid prolonged standing, and avoid direct sun exposure on the legs. A follow-up visit is recommended to assess the result and determine whether another session is needed.

The injection may cause mild burning or brief discomfort. It is usually tolerable and does not require anesthesia. Mild bruising or temporary redness may occur after the session.

Depending on the number and size of the veins, 1 to 4 sessions or more, spaced several weeks apart, are usually sufficient. After each session, the condition is reassessed and the need for another session is determined.

Under local anesthesia, a thin fiber is inserted inside the vein, and laser or radiofrequency (RF) energy is used to close the vein wall. It is usually an outpatient procedure with minimal pain and a short recovery period.

Laser treatment is used for larger main veins, such as the saphenous vein, and one session is often enough. Sclerotherapy is used for smaller and reticular veins and is sometimes used as a complementary treatment after laser therapy.

You can usually walk and do light work the same day or the next day. Wearing compression stockings and light walking are recommended. Heavy work or prolonged standing should be limited for a few days.

Both are performed from inside the vein using a catheter; one uses radiofrequency waves and the other uses laser energy. Both are minimally invasive and effective. The choice depends on available equipment and the physician's judgment.

Surgery may be needed for very large varicose veins, recurrence after laser treatment or sclerotherapy, or when preferred by the physician and patient. Today, open surgeries are less common because of minimally invasive methods such as laser treatment.

Wear compression stockings, walk lightly, avoid prolonged standing, and elevate your legs while resting. Sutures are removed according to instructions, and follow-up visits are essential.

Depending on the method and the patient's condition, it may be performed under local, regional, or general anesthesia. Today, many procedures are performed with local or spinal anesthesia.

Preparation includes fasting as instructed, stopping or continuing medications according to your physician's advice, completing requested laboratory tests and imaging, and bringing your medical documents and records.

Some medications, such as Metoral (metoprolol) or aspirin, may be continued or temporarily stopped according to hospital protocol and the opinion of the surgeon and cardiologist. Follow only the instructions of your care team.

Common tests include blood tests, such as complete blood count, glucose, lipid profile, kidney and liver tests, ECG, echocardiography, and sometimes exercise stress testing or angiography. The hospital or surgeon will provide the exact list.

Take medications regularly, follow a low-salt and low-fat diet, perform light activity as instructed by your physician, control your weight and blood pressure, and attend regular visits and tests. More detailed instructions are provided at discharge.

This depends on the type of surgery and your job, but it usually takes several weeks to several months. Light work is allowed sooner, while heavy work requires physician approval and rehabilitation.

Excess salt causes the body to retain water and increases the workload on the heart. After surgery, the heart needs rest and reduced strain. A low-salt diet helps control blood pressure and swelling.

Wear compression stockings as recommended by your physician, walk regularly, avoid prolonged standing or sitting, elevate your legs while resting, and return for follow-up visits.

Usually they are worn full-time for 1 to 2 weeks, and sometimes only during the day for several additional weeks. The exact duration is determined by your physician based on the treatment method and vein condition.

Do not shave your legs, or do so only if your physician advises it. Wear comfortable clothing and loose pants, and bring your previous compression stockings if you have them. Tell your physician if you take blood-thinning medications.

Always take medications exactly as prescribed by your physician. Some medications, such as aspirin or statins, are often recommended at night, while others may be recommended in the morning. Never reduce the dose or stop medication without consulting your physician.

If it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and do not double the next dose. For sensitive medications, such as blood thinners, contact your physician or pharmacist if you are unsure.

Each medication has its own possible side effects. For example, some blood pressure medications may cause cough or ankle swelling, and statins may sometimes cause muscle pain. If side effects occur, discuss them with your physician so the medication can be changed or the dose adjusted if needed.

Many studies suggest that nighttime use may be more helpful in preventing morning cardiovascular events. However, the most important point is to take it every day at a consistent time. If you have specific instructions, follow your physician's prescription.

Warfarin interacts with vitamin K, found in leafy green vegetables, and some foods; a consistent diet and periodic INR testing are needed. Newer medications such as rivaroxaban usually have fewer dietary restrictions.

A low-salt, low-fat diet rich in vegetables and fruits, whole grains, and legumes is recommended. Using vegetable oils instead of solid fats, limiting sugar and sweets, and avoiding fast food and processed foods are beneficial for the heart.

A low-salt and low-fat diet is recommended, with avoidance of heavy and fatty foods. Grapefruit can interact with some heart medications; ask your physician or pharmacist about fruits and your medications.

A low-fat diet, especially low in saturated fat, with increased fiber, vegetables and fruits, whole grains, and fish is recommended. If a statin is prescribed, diet complements the medication and does not replace it.

Bread, cheese, canned foods, sausages and processed meats, salty snacks, sauces, and ready-made foods may contain hidden salt. Read product labels and use the salt shaker sparingly at home.

Walking, cycling, swimming, and light to moderate aerobic exercise for at least 30 minutes on most days of the week are recommended. If you have heart disease, consult your physician before starting.

Light walking is usually allowed early in the recovery period. Heavy exercise and intense exertion are allowed only after physician approval at a follow-up visit, and sometimes after an exercise stress test.

Yes. Walking and swimming are beneficial for varicose veins. Avoid prolonged standing or sitting without movement, and avoid high-pressure leg exercises without compression stockings.

Light to moderate aerobic exercise such as walking, cycling, and swimming is recommended. Avoid sudden strenuous activity and heavy weightlifting without consulting your physician.

Control blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol; quit smoking; maintain a healthy weight; follow a healthy diet; exercise regularly; and manage stress. If you have a family history, regular checkups with a physician are recommended.

To some extent. Staying active, avoiding prolonged standing, maintaining a healthy weight, elevating the legs while resting, and using compression stockings when needed can reduce or delay progression.

From age 40, or earlier if there is a family history or risk factors, examination and, if needed, blood tests and ECG are recommended. After that, the interval may be yearly or every few years depending on your condition.

Stress and smoking both increase blood pressure and the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke. Quitting smoking and managing stress through exercise, adequate sleep, and counseling are important parts of prevention and treatment.

Chest pain, especially pressure or heaviness, sudden shortness of breath, severe palpitations with dizziness or fainting, sudden leg swelling, and stroke symptoms such as weakness on one side of the body, speech difficulty, or facial drooping require immediate emergency care.